A. Core term / working capital loans
- Regular Term Loan – Fixed tenure (3–7/10 साल), EMI या structured repayment, capex, expansion, machinery, factory building आदि के लिए।
- Working Capital Term Loan (WCTL) – Existing CC/OD या accumulated WC gap को term‑style किस्तों में repay करने के लिए convert किया गया loan।
- Plain Working Capital Loan (short‑term/demand) – 12–36 महीने की short‑term facility, seasonal या specific operational funding के लिए।
B. CC / OD / line‑based structures
- Cash Credit (CC) – Stock + book‑debts के against DP आधारित running limit; interest केवल utilized amount पर।
- Overdraft (OD) – Current account पर sanctioned limit, collateral backed, short‑term liquidity के लिए flexible उपयोग।
- Drop‑line OD (DOD) – OD limit हर महीने/quarter pre‑fixed schedule से reduce होती है, quasi‑term loan जैसा structure।
- General Business Line of Credit – Revolving line जहाँ बार‑बार draw‑repay किया जा सकता है, cash‑flow smoothing के लिए।
C. Invoice / trade finance structures
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- Bill / Invoice Discounting – Accepted bills या confirmed invoices को bank discount कर देता है; buyer से payment आने तक bridging finance।
- Invoice Factoring / Receivables Purchase – Factor या NBFC supplier के receivables खरीदता है (with/without recourse), collection risk भी आंशिक transfer।
- Trade Credit via Bank Support – LC/guarantee backed deferred payment terms, supplier’s credit आदि, जो अलग trade‑finance bucket की तरह treat होता है।
D. Non‑fund based instruments
- Letter of Credit (LC) – Import/export या domestic trade में payment guarantee; bank non‑fund based limit, commission‑based।
- Bank Guarantee (BG) – Performance / financial guarantees, tenders, government contracts के लिए; केवल commission व margin requirement।
- Standby Letter of Credit (SBLC)‑type Guarantees – बड़े या structured deals में payment/performance support; कुछ banks इसे MSME clients तक भी extend करती हैं।
E. Asset‑backed MSME loan structures
- Loan Against Property (LAP – Business Purpose) – Commercial/residential property mortgage पर term loan/OD; higher tenure, relatively lower rate, end‑use business।
- Machinery / Equipment Finance – Specific plant & machinery पर hypothecation‑based term loan; capex‑oriented borrowing।
- Vehicle / Commercial Fleet Finance – Goods carriers, commercial vehicles, construction/fleet assets के लिए dedicated asset‑tied facility।
F. Project & composite finance
- Project Finance Loan – Greenfield/Brownfield project के cash‑flows, DSCR, escrow आदि पर structured long‑term funding; security mix project assets + collateral।
- Composite Loan (Term + WC in one) – RBI MSME framework में छोटे units के लिए एक ही composite limit जिसमें term loan + working capital दोनों include हों।
G. New‑age revenue / cash‑flow backed
- Merchant Cash Advance / POS‑linked Loan – Card/POS/QR collections के percentage से daily/weekly automatic recovery वाला short‑tenor structure।
- Online Revenue / GST‑analytics Based Loan – Bank statement, GST data, online sales आदि पर आधारित data‑driven short‑term या quasi‑revolving MSME loans।
FCA, CWM (AAFM-US), CBV, CIFRS, R-ID, B.COM (H), RV* (IBBI)
Practising Chartered Accountant in Delhi NCR Since 2011. He can be contacted at ankitgulgulia@gmail.com or +91-9811653975.